LNER Class A1 Peppercorn 60163 Tornado
Tornado, 14 December 2008
Type and origin
Power type	Steam
Designer	Arthur Peppercorn (original designer)
Builder	A1 Steam Locomotive Trust
Build date	1994–2008
Specifications
Configuration	4-6-2
Leading wheel diameter	3 ft 2 in (0.97 m)
Driver diameter	6 ft 8 in (2.03 m)
Trailing wheel diameter	3 ft 8 in (1.12 m)
Length	72 ft 11.75 in (22.24 m)
Width	9 ft 2.875 in (2.82 m)
Height	13 ft (3.96 m)
Axle load	22.1 long tons (22.5 t)
Weight on drivers	66.55 long tons (67.62 t)
Locomotive weight	105.2 long tons (106.9 t)[1]
Tender weight	60.9 long tons (61.9 t)
Locomotive and tender combined weight	166.1 long tons (168.8 t)
Fuel type	Coal
Fuel capacity	7.5 long tons (7.6 t)
Water capacity	6,000 imp gal (27,000 L)
Boiler	Diagram 118 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) diameter 29 ft 2 in (8.89 m) length
Boiler pressure	250 psi (1,700 kPa)
Firegrate area	50.0 sq ft (4.65 m2)
Heating surface: – Tubes	1,211.6 sq ft (112.56 m2)
– Flues	1,004.5 sq ft (93.32 m2)
– Firebox	245.3 sq ft (22.79 m2)
– Total	2,461.4 sq ft (228.67 m2)
Superheater area	697.7 sq ft (64.82 m2)
Cylinder size	19 in × 26 in (480 mm × 660 mm)
Performance figures
Maximum speed	100 mph (160 km/h) design[2] 75 mph (121 km/h) certified
Tractive effort	2,700 metric horsepower (2,000 kW)
Career
Number(s)	60163 (display) 98863 (TOPS)
Official name	Tornado
Axle load class	Route availability 9
First run	29 July 2008
Disposition	Operational. Approved for 75 mph (121 km/h) running on Network Rail track.

60163 Tornado is a mainline steam locomotive built in Darlington, England. Completed in 2008, Tornado was the first such locomotive built in the United Kingdom since Evening Star, the last steam locomotive built by British Railways in 1960. It is the only example of an LNER Peppercorn Class A1 locomotive in existence, the entirety of the original production batch having been scrapped without preservation. The locomotive's namesake is the Panavia Tornado, a combat aircraft flown by the Royal Air Force.
Construction of Tornado began in 1994, and was based at Darlington Works for most of the project, while numerous components such as the boiler were manufactured elsewhere. The project was financed through fundraising initiatives such as public donations and sponsorship deals; further funding came from hiring out Tornado itself for special rail services. Construction was completed in 2008, and full certification of the locomotive was achieved in January 2009. Having been designed with compliance to modern safety and certification standards, Tornado has been conducting passenger services on the UK rail network and on mainline-connected heritage railways since 2008.